{"id":1379,"date":"2014-04-30T14:43:35","date_gmt":"2014-04-30T14:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/?p=1379"},"modified":"2020-01-08T14:24:42","modified_gmt":"2020-01-08T20:24:42","slug":"laser-driver-current-monitoring-via-microcontroller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/?p=1379","title":{"rendered":"Laser Driver Current Monitoring Via MicroController"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>MicroController for Laser Current Monitoring<\/h2>\n<p>Many people have been asking how they might monitor the current on their laser driver board while it is running on their machines. \u00a0Many people want to hook up an Arduino board to it and put an LCD to constantly watch the laser current so it is easy to adjust and to get a sense of the optical power on the work surface. \u00a0Well, the good news is: \u00a0We thought of that!<\/p>\n<p>In designing the original laser driver, there are current sense resistors and test points on the board specifically to get the voltage over the current resistors from both the regulator side as well as the laser side. \u00a0Looking at this voltage will give an &#8220;on the fly&#8221; level of what is happening on the board at all times. \u00a0The laser driver board runs at 12V, but the connections to these test points are voltage divided to be able to work with 3.3V micro-controllers \u00a0(it can also work with 5V ones by changing the level in firmware).<\/p>\n<h2>Connections:<\/h2>\n<p>On the laser driver board there are two test points, TP1 and TP2. \u00a0These test points provide measurement connections for the voltage at the regulators (one side of the current resistors) and at the laser output (the other side of the current resistors). \u00a0They are shown in the following picture:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1383 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"A graphic showing a microcontroller for laser current monitoring\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline-36x27.jpg 36w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Side-Description-600x450-with-outline-32x24.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>First you need to connect some wires:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Connect TP1 to analog input #1 in the micro<\/li>\n<li>Connect TP2 to analog input #2 in the micro<\/li>\n<li>Also, you might need to connect the GND on the laser driver to the GND on the micro-controller, but possibly not.\u00a0 You can also connect the GND to the AREF pin and set the analogreference to &#8220;external&#8221; to get a clean signal from the laser board without causing a ground loop. \u00a0The ground test point is located just right of the power input connector looking from the back of the board.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1384\" src=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Back Description 600x450 with GND\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND-36x27.jpg 36w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Back-Description-600x450-with-GND-32x24.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set up your code to make the pins you selected analog inputs. \u00a0Now you can read in the voltage on the pins with your micro-controller. \u00a0We will get into exactly how to do this next.<\/p>\n<h2>Fun with Physics!<\/h2>\n<p>So now that we have the physical connections done, let&#8217;s get to the theory on how to get the current value from the voltage across a resistor.<\/p>\n<p>From high school physics class, the equation to get current is:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>I = V \/ R<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Which is the voltage over the current resistor divided by resistance.\u00a0 Considering there are multiple current limit settings, it will change the amount of resistance for the equation.\u00a0 So, here is a table with the resistances for the different jumper settings:<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"294\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"100\" \/>\n<col width=\"118\" \/>\n<col width=\"76\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\" height=\"21\">Current Limit<\/td>\n<td width=\"118\">Jumper Setting<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">R Value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"21\">0.5<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>5.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"20\">1<\/td>\n<td>1&amp;2<\/td>\n<td>2.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"20\">1.5<\/td>\n<td>1&amp;2&amp;3<\/td>\n<td>1.83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"20\">2<\/td>\n<td>1&amp;2&amp;3&amp;4<\/td>\n<td>1.38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td height=\"21\">2.5<\/td>\n<td>1&amp;2&amp;3&amp;4&amp;5<\/td>\n<td>1.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>So now the equation is:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0I = (TP1 &#8211; TP2) \/ R Value<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The board outputs voltage at the TP1 and TP2 points divided by 3.61. \u00a0This was done so the board would have a MAXIMUM voltage of 3.3V to be able to fit in the range of a 3.3V microcontroller input ( 12V \/ 3.61 = 3.3V). We now have to take this into account in our equation:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I = ( (TP1 &#8211; TP2) * 3.61 ) \/ R Value<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Testing the Theory<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s say you used a multi-meter to look at the voltage at the test points and you wanted to know the current. \u00a0Let&#8217;s take an example and work through it.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example:\u00a0 Running the laser at 1.5amp current limit setting and current set to 1.3amps.\u00a0 I use a meter and read the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TP1 = 2.01 V<\/li>\n<li>TP2 = 1.34 V<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, the current is:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I = ( (TP1 &#8211; TP2) * 3.61 ) \/ R Value<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>( ( 2.01 &#8211; 1.34 ) * 3.61 ) \/ 1.83\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211;&gt;\u00a0 ( (0.67) *3.61 ) \/ 1.83\u00a0 &#8211;&gt;\u00a0 \u00a02.42 \/ 1.83 \u00a0&#8211;&gt;<em><strong>\u00a0 1.32 amps<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Now the Firmware!<\/h2>\n<p>Now that we have done an example of how you would calculate this looking at a meter and doing it on paper, let&#8217;s get the micro-controller to do this on the fly.<\/p>\n<p>The micro controller is a bit different in the input reading.\u00a0 It will take a voltage and turn it into a number between 0 and 1023. \u00a0Remember, the TP1 and TP2 voltages are divided in a resistor network before the micro-controller to make sure the maximum value on the driver board will be below 3.3V (the maximum of many microcontroller inputs).\u00a0 The microcontroller will also read in with a A\/D and give a value in the resolution of that A\/D. \u00a0Let&#8217;s take the example of an Arduino board which have a 8 bit resolution on the analog inputs, so it will be 1024 levels (actually 1023 levels because you start at zero).<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with some code: \u00a0Let&#8217;s assume you chose oin A0 for TP1 input and A1 for TP2. \u00a0So, we now have to convert to get the real voltage at the input in the micro controller:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/ read the input on analog pin 0:<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0 int TP1Value = analogRead(A0);<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\/\/ Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 &#8211; 1023) to a voltage (0 &#8211; 3.3V):<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0 float voltage1 = TP1Value * (3.3 \/ 1023.0);<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\/\/ read the input on analog pin 1:<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0 int TP2Value = analogRead(A1);<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\/\/ Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 &#8211; 1023) to a voltage (0 &#8211; 3.3V):<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0 float voltage2 = TP2Value * (3.3 \/ 1023.0);<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So, now you need to convert back to the 12V level of the board (you can do this in the previous lines but want to just make it explicit for instruction):<\/p>\n<p><em>\/\/ Convert the analog reading of a voltage (0 &#8211; 3.3V) to (0 &#8211; 12V):<br \/>\n<\/em>\u00a0<strong> float voltage1_12V = voltage1 * 3.61;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\/\/ Convert the analog reading of a voltage (0 &#8211; 3.3V) to (0 &#8211; 12V):<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0 float voltage2_12V = voltage2 * 3.61;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Now all you have to do is determine the R Value and calculate I:\u00a0 (from the previous example we will use 1.5amp limit jumpers with R value of 1.83)<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\/\/ Calculate the current based on the current limit jumper setting:<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0 float current = ( voltage1_12V &#8211; voltage2_12V ) \/ 1.83 ;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you leave your current limit setting always the same, you can hard code it, or better yet make it a variable that can change depending on the jumper setting you are using on the board.<\/p>\n<h2>Averaging and Glitch Removal<\/h2>\n<p>So now that you have some code written for calculating current from the input voltage, let&#8217;s think about hooking this up to a display (like and LCD or USB to the computer). \u00a0If you want to show it on an LCD, you probably will need to average out the readings because the LCD display will only update so fast.\u00a0 Also, you might have some glitches in your readings if it is a noisy environment, so averaging and throwing out outliers is a good idea.<\/p>\n<p>Here is a function that will return the average current reading and can be called by the LCD display function:<\/p>\n<p>float GetAvgCurrent() {<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">float CurrentValue = 0;<br \/>\nfloat CurrentValueAvg = 0;<br \/>\nfloat TP1Value = 0;<br \/>\nfloat TP2Value = 0;<br \/>\ni = 0;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">while ( i &lt; 250 ) {<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">TP1Value = analogRead(A0);<br \/>\nTP2Value = analogRead(A1);<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>\/\/Calculate current for jumper setting 1.5amps<br \/>\n<\/em>CurrentValue = \u00a0(( TP1Vlaue &#8211; TP2Value ) * 3.61 * ( 3.3 \/ 1023 ) ) \/ 1.83 ;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>\u00a0\/\/For normal reading over 0 set it in the average<br \/>\n<\/em>if (CurrentValue &gt; 0){<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\">CurrentValueAvg = (CurrentValueAvg + CurrentValue)\/2;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">i++;<br \/>\n<em>}<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>\/\/catch the glitches that say are negative and make them zero<br \/>\n<\/em>else {<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\">CurrentValue = 0;<br \/>\nCurrentValueAvg = (CurrentValueAvg + CurrentValue)\/2;<br \/>\ni++;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">}<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 }<\/p>\n<p>return (CurrentValueAvg);<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>So this outlines how to set up a LCD (or Computer) &#8220;on the fly&#8221; monitoring of the current output to the laser from the laser driver board. \u00a0You can then surmise the optical power on the work surface from this reading as well. \u00a0For the non-G2 lens lasers, it should be about 1:1 for current to optical power. \u00a0So, if you have a current of 1 amp you will have an optical power of 1w. \u00a0On the G2 lasers (like the 9mm 2.8W) you will have about 1:1.22. \u00a0So in this case 1.3amps will give you 1.6w of optical power at the work surface.<\/p>\n<p>In any regard, it is nice to have an LCD display to constantly look and make sure the current is what you want it to be on the driver board.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MicroController for Laser Current Monitoring Many people have been asking how they might monitor the current on their laser driver board while it is running on their machines. \u00a0Many people want to hook up an Arduino board to it and put an LCD to constantly watch the laser current so it is easy to adjust&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/jtechphotonics.com\/?p=1379\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Laser Driver Current Monitoring Via MicroController<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MicroController for Laser Current Monitoring for Sale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Do you need a microcontroller for laser current monitoring, or other hardware? 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